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Email: Peter Collier

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Survey Review 57, No 404. September/October 2025

1. Advantages of MTL solutions in Vietnam's transportation infrastructure surveying: a case study of the AU20 system
Ngoc Quang Vu & Ngoc Dung Luong

Unlike previous studies conducted in developed regions, this study highlights the adaptability of the AU20 system under Vietnam's mixed-traffic and geographically diverse conditions, filling a critical gap in the literature. Field studies examined the system’s accuracy in capturing detailed road features, bridge span geometry, and intersection data for BIM applications. The AU20 system achieved a point cloud density of thousands of points/m² and accuracy levels of ±2 cm RMSE across various operating platforms. This study presents a framework for integrating MTL data into BIM processes, enhancing project management, while demonstrating its alignment with digital transformation goals in transportation infrastructure.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2025.2452796

2. Upgrading fit-for-purpose land administration systems: challenges and opportunities in Bosaso, Somalia
Francesco Tonnarelli & Sophos Sophianos

Fit-for-purpose land administration (FFPLA) approaches offer a solution to the lack of land governance strategies in the Global South, emphasizing flexibility, inclusivity, and scalability. However, FFPLA projects primarily focus on establishing land administration systems, with less attention given to ensuring their sustainability, ongoing maintenance and scale up. This study analyzes the evolution of the land and property registry in Bosaso, Somalia, utilizing the Framework for Effective Land Administration (FELA) to guide the assessment. Findings reveal that challenges remain in maintaining, expanding and upgrading land information management systems from their initial purpose to broader land-related services.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2025.2455369

3. Quality control of the GNSS-IR sea level measurements by using K-means clustering
Cansu Beşel Hatipoğlu & Emine Tanır Kayıkçı

Quality control is a crucial step in GNSS-IR data processing and is performed in this study using two methods: the peak-to-noise ratio and K-means clustering. Both quality control methods are applied to the SNR data at the MERS, TRBZ, and SNOP sites. K-means clustering shows better performance for the MERS GPS L1, Galileo L1, and SNOP GPS L2, while the peak-to-noise ratio shows better performance for the TRBZ GPS L1. The correlation coefficient between the GNSS-IR sea levels from the L1 signal and tide gauge is greater than 85%. These results demonstrate that K-means clustering is promising for quality control.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2025.2455374

4. Topology-optimisation collaborative network navigation based on constrained Kalman filter
Shiqi Li, Yefeng Xu, Feng Qin, Yu Jiang & Xueyun Wang

This paper proposes a topology-optimisation collaborative network navigation method based on Constrained Kalman Filter, which incorporates the inter-nodes ranges and optimal navigation topology to enhance the navigation performance of whole swarm. Firstly, a distributed collaborative navigation algorithm for rank-defect free networks is proposed, which only requires relative ranges from communication devices and node’s rough position estimation from inertial navigation system (INS). Then, comprehensive analyses of factors that influence collaborative navigation accuracy are investigated. Based on the results, the topology-optimisation strategy for collaborative navigation is established. Finally, simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed collaborative network navigation method.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2025.2460147

5. Women in surveying (WIS): urgently bridging the gender divide for the sustainable development of geoinformatics and surveying profession
Ugonna C. Nkwunonwo

This study kicks on the sporadic debates on gender equality and women in surveying by identifying and addressing gender issues related to the sustainable development of Geoinformatics and surveying professionals worldwide. It reviews relevant literature and applies content analysis techniques to analyse focus group data from carefully selected experts in the geoinformatics and surveying profession. Based on the findings, it is expected that the governing bodies of geoinformatics and surveying will take a more proactive approach to promoting the participation of more women in the profession. More affirmative actions and complementing practical-based training with a cognitive-based education system are essential.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2025.2472531

6. The inter-seismic activity along the Xianshuihe fault zone based on GNSS observations
Weiyao Tang, Xueyang Gong, Dongwei Zhou, Ruihong Wu, Jiangfeng Gong, Shequan Tian, Letao Zhou & Jian Kong

To investigate the middle-large seismic risk along the Xianshuihe fault zone, the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) velocity field provided by the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China was used. The study explored the spatial distribution characteristics of the locking degree and slip deficit of the Xianshuihe fault zone based on the inversion model of block-negative dislocation. In addition, this study quantitatively analyses the activity characteristics of each fault segment, providing a reference for the seismic risk of mid- to long-term strong earthquakes, with the Xianshuihe fault zone as the seismic structural unit.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2025.2475602

7. Development of high-precision control network optimization design software integrating DEM visualization
Jianying Wang & Dewu Huang

The accuracy of surveying control networks is the foundation of engineering construction. It is crucial to establish an effective, reliable control network. Starting from the quality indicators of the control network, this article adheres to the principles of ‘less but more precise’ and ‘one point, more use’. For the first time, DEM visualization technology is applied to the design and optimization of the control network, and a complete calculation program is designed. Through case practice, this program has less human intervention and more convenient parameter adjustments, eliminating the need for manual assistance in the calculation, especially in the changes and additions of control points, the addition and deletion of directions and edges are more convenient, the visual interaction is more convenient, and the process is shown at a glance, and the optimization results are more comprehensive in terms of statistics and analyses.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2025.2479324

8. Improving the robustness of circular curve fitting with equality constraints using the median absolute deviation method
Chuan Hu, Daqin Ren, Huarong Li, Shuai Zhang & Guobing Pan

Circular curve fitting with equality constraints using robust nonlinear weighted total least squares with equality constraints (RNWTLSEC) based on the iteratively reweighted method is affected by the initial values. To improve its robustness, the RNWTLSEC-MAD (median absolute deviation) algorithm is proposed. The algorithm first applies MAD to residuals from nonlinear weighted total least squares with equality constraints (NWTLSEC) to identify and eliminate outlier-containing observations. Then, the NWTLSEC estimates from the remaining observations are used as the initial values for RNWTLSEC estimator. The results of two experiments show that RNWTLSEC-MAD detects more outliers than the other four methods.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2025.2480919

Survey Review 57, No 403. July/August 2025

1. Obituary: Arthur Laidlaw Allan, 28th April 1930–15th March 2025
Jonathan Iliffe

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2025.2496019

2. Developing a new interface for Qibla direction application based on MATLAB GUI
Faruk Yildirim, Fatih Kadi & Sakir Levent Sahin

In this study, a MATLAB GUI-based interface has been developed that can be integrated with GNSS receivers. Through this interface developed for calculation and querying purposes, Qibla direction application with geodetic precision can be achieved using coordinate information of a corner of the mosque and its facade length, without the need for auxiliary geodetic measurement devices and computational burden. Furthermore, interface allows users to query the Qibla directions in mosques for inspection. It has been found that 2% of the mosques are outside the Qibla direction, 51% are outside the Miqat boundaries, and 8% are within the Haram boundaries.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2411186

3. Research on indoor POI salience evaluation model based on machine learning
Huarong Li, Tuan Chen, Yi Zhao, Yuqing Liang, Jiaxin Zheng, Tiantong Li & Qin Zhao

Due to the lack of GNSS signals in indoor environments, landmarks are particularly important in orientation recognition and navigation. However, the salience evaluation models established by existing studies for extracting landmarks have deficiencies in dealing with indicator redundancy and nonlinear relationships. Therefore, this study adopts a data-driven approach. First, the indoor POI salience evaluation indicators system is established. Then, large shopping malls are selected to collect data, and the indicators are screened by Spearman’s correlation coefficient after preprocessing. Finally, the importance ranking of evaluation indicators is obtained, and based on this ranking, the model is trained and optimised using random forest and multilayer perceptron. The results show that the model established in this study has higher salience prediction accuracy and the best stability compared with the models established in previous studies.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2433371

4. History of height reference systems in the territory of the Republic of Serbia
Sofija Naod & Stevan Radojčić

The Republic of Serbia inherited two unique reference height systems. The first, the Precise levelling of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (APL), was a significant undertaking by the Military Geographical Institute from Vienna between 1874 and 1905. The reference surface of the APL, the mean sea level, was determined in Trieste based on a year of tide gauge measurements in 1875. This system, which remained used in Serbia and later in Yugoslavia until 1999, was replaced by the Second High Precision Levelling Network of Yugoslavia, carried out by domestic geodetic service between 1970 and 1973, and the mean sea level was determined based on five tide gauges, epoch 1971,5. Notably, during the execution of levelling measurements no measurements of gravitational acceleration were taken along the levelling lines. As a result, the heights were and continue to be expressed in the normal orthometric (spheroidal) height system, a practice that has endured to this day. This paper meticulously chronicles the most significant stages and characteristics in establishing reference height systems in Serbia's territory.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2436834

5. Alignment of the legal and institutional framework of Ekiti state land administration against the fit-for-purpose land administration framework principles
Kehinde Hassan Babalola, Simon Hull & Jennifer Whittal

Achieving significance and sustainability in land administration systems (LASs) requires that LASs be ‘fit-for-purpose.’ There is an increased need for institutional and legal reform to provide significant and sustainable LASs. These reforms will be beneficial to peri-urban dwellers. Achieving success in this reform will require collaboration between customary and statutory institutions and the people. This study assesses Ekiti State’s land administration systems using the institutional and legal framework of Fit-for-purpose land administration (FFPLA). The study limits the assessment to two frameworks as the study's objectives relate to institutions and the legal framework of land administration systems. Primary and secondary data about land administration systems in Ekiti State were collected. In-depth interviews were conducted about land administration systems in Ekiti State. Using the structure of the FFPLA, the results reveal the need for improvement in the institution and legal framework for land administration. The discussion was made from the case study findings, which were then used to develop a score table. There is no flexible framework designed along administrative lines; individual ownership prevails over a continuum of tenure. There is a provision for a formal land registration system that excludes most peri-urban dwellers. There is still some form of gender discrimination regarding land and property rights. An overlap in functions and responsibilities of land administration institutions causes fragmentation in Ekiti State. The study is essential for policymakers, professionals, and academics reforming LASs.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2025.2450906

6. The Fermat and the isodynamic points in optimal positioning by resection in surveying from three fixed points
Aristeidis Fotiou & Ioannis Fotiou

This study investigated the optimisation of resection in surveying for two-dimensional positioning, utilising distances and angles from three fixed points. The optimal location of the resected points was analysed in terms of precision. Isotropic conditions for a circular error ellipse with a potentially minimum radius/error are introduced, presenting new findings regarding optimal resection points. For distance observations, the Fermat points or the isogonic centres of the fixed triangle represent the optimal points with the least isotropic error. For angle observations, the optimal isotropic location was identified as the first isodynamic point.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2025.2474856

7. Formalising land tenure in West African secondary towns: a comparative study of Bohicon (Benin) and Sokodé (Togo)
Mawussi Kossi Nyalewo, Karl Martial Nassi & Gbati Napo

This study examines land deeds that support property rights in African secondary towns, focusing on Bohicon and Sokodé. Households adopt various formalisation processes due to land pressure and legal pluralism. In Bohicon, the municipal firm sales agreement is preferred, while in Sokodé, it is the private agreement signed by traditional authorities. Although the land title is valued, it is rarely obtained. The study recommends mechanisms to recognize these documents, whether issued by municipalities or customary authorities, to secure land rights.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2025.2459516

8. Case Report: Analysis of ionospheric scintillation effects on BDS-3 and GPS PPP accuracy and ambiguity resolved percentage at low-latitudes
Houpu Li, Xiaomin Luo, Yujie Li, Zhuang Chen, Deying Yu & Shaofeng Bian

Using two ionospheric scintillation monitoring receivers (ISMRs) and four geodetic receivers from April 1, 2022 to March 31, 2023, this study investigates ionospheric scintillation effects at low-latitudes on BDS-3 and GPS PPP accuracy and ambiguity resolved percentage (ARP). Experimental results indicate that during scintillation periods, the positioning errors of BDS-3 PPP can reach several metres and some cases can reach more than 10 m, while during non-scintillation periods, the positioning errors can maintain a centimetre level. Compared with BDS-3, the positioning errors of GPS PPP are generally smaller than 1 m under ionospheric scintillation. For BDS-3 PPP-ARP statistics, the values are around 71-99% under non-scintillation conditions, while these values are degraded to about 27-70% under ionospheric scintillation. It is found that when the average of S4 (ROTI) increases, the 3D RMS results of BDS-3 and GPS PPP show an increasing trend, while the PPP-ARP exhibits a decreasing trend.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2411185

Survey Review 57, No 402. May/June 2025

1. Intelligent mitigation of GPS spoofing using the Kalman filter in the tracking loop based on multi-correlator
N. Dabaghi Daryan, S. Tohidi & M. R. Mosavi

In the last decade, spoofing attack has been known as the most dangerous intentional interference in Global Positioning System (GPS). This work suggested an algorithm that performs spoofing mitigation by utilising the Kalman filter. In particular, first, in the tracking stage multi-correlator structure is established and correlators output are investigated by using a Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network (MLP NN) in other to detect the spoofing attack, after that, the Kalman filter estimates the DLL discriminator output. The proposed method was verified using three different spoofing in which, the mitigation rate was 84.25%, 93.20% and 97.24%, respectively.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2386866

2. A time-efficient routine for the computation of terrain correction
Avadh Bihari Narayan, Ashutosh Tiwari & Onkar Dikshit

In geoid computation, terrain correction (TC) removes topographic gravitational attraction but is computationally intensive. This research proposes two hybrid routines. The first approach calculates Individual Zonal Radius (IZR) for grid cells with slopes >45°. For grid cells with IZR larger than twice the standard deviation of IZR, a hybrid approach with inner zonal radius equal to Minimum Zonal Radius (MZR) is used; for other cells inner zone radius will be twice the standard deviation of IZR. The second routine uses hybrid approach with an inner zone radius equal to MZR for cells with slopes >35° and a spectral method otherwise.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2388448

3. Comparison between aerial imagery and conventional cadastral mapping methods in Ekiti State Nigeria; towards a fit-for-purpose approach
Israel Oluwaseun Taiwo, Olomolatan Matthew Ibitoye & Sunday Olukayode Oladejo

Towards achieving Fit-for-Purpose (FFP) cadastral mapping, this study compares conventional cadastral mapping methods of theodolite traverse, total station and Real Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System (RTK GNSS) with high-resolution aerial imagery in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Evaluating time, cost, accuracy, and coverage, it finds that high-resolution aerial imagery can achieve results comparable to conventional instruments with wider coverage, thereby expediting land registration and fostering sustainable development. However, challenges in obtaining high-resolution imagery necessitate regulatory reform for UAV use. The study recommends adoption of innovative solutions to improve the spatial, legal, and institutional frameworks in the state and enhance land governance.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2390237

4. An investigation of PPP-B2b coverage and its performance in ZTD estimation and positioning in different regions
Xiaoming Wang, Kai Zhou, Jinglei Zhang, Haobo Li, Hong Liang, Manhong Tu, Yufei Chen, Cong Qiu & Li Li

This study comprehensively evaluates the Beidou navigation satellite system's PPP-B2b service for real-time positioning and zenith total delay (ZTD) estimation. Despite its operational status, PPP-b2b's effective coverage is underexplored. We define this coverage by analysing satellite visibility and geometry and evaluating ZTD and positioning accuracy at 48 stations. Results show PPP-B2b achieves ZTD Errors of 10–20 mm in China and 15–30 mm in Europe, with kinematic experiments in China and Japan showing consistent accuracy within 20 mm. This study highlights PPP-b2b's potential for enhancing atmospheric monitoring and precise positioning in its effective regions.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2401665

5. Land subsidence analysis using InSAR along the RiLan high-speed railway in Heze, China
Yangqi Gao, Chuanguang Zhu & Ronghua Yang

The Heze section of the Rizhao-Lankao High-Speed Railway (RLHR-HZ) officially began operations in June 2021. Previous studies have shown that the RLHR-HZ crosses two subsidence zones. In this study, we analysed ground displacement along the RLHR-HZ using Sentinel-1A SAR data collected from June 2021 to June 2023, employing both Permanent Scatterer and Distributed Scatterer techniques. The results indicate a reduction in the displacement rate; however, subsidence continues along the RLHR-HZ, with displacement rates ranging from −16 mm/yr to −5 mm/yr. This reduction is likely due to the cessation of mining activities and the replenishment of groundwater.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2421042

6. Analysis of owner objections to statutory land readjustments (LR) in Turkey
Şehadet Sevra Mintemur & Murat Selim Çepni

Land Readjustments (LR) are one of the most radical administrative actions affecting property and have significant consequences for owners. Although earlier studies examined the grounds for the annulment of LR in Turkey, no previous study looked at this from the perspective of owner objections. The aim of this study was to investigate the objections of the plaintiff owners to the LR process and compare these with expert opinion and final judgements. Data were drawn from 435 case files, dated between 2015 and 2023, from five provinces in Turkey. A major finding was that owners' dissatisfaction with LR and the reasons for filing lawsuits seldom match the judicial grounds for annulment. Owners were sensitive to a wide variety of interventions affecting their properties. It is hoped that the compilation and categorisation of owner objections will contribute to the development of improved LR model processes.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2430148

7. Contribution of the global geopotential models on gravimetric geoid determination: a case study of Colorado, USA
Nazan Yilmaz & Leyla Çakir

A gravimetric geoid model was computed by using the Least Squares Modification of Stokes' formula, called the KTH (Royal Institute of Technology) method. This paper examines the impact of global geopotential models (GGMs) on the gravimetric geoid that we determined over a mountainous region in the Colorado test area. The accuracy of the global geopotential models affects the accuracy of the gravimetric geoids that are created using these models. In this study, the most recent and high-resolution GGMs were chosen, and the gravimetric geoid models produced with the GGMs were compared with the GNSS-levelling geoid. To eliminate systematic errors between geoid models derived from local and global data, a 7-parameter corrector surface was employed during this comparison. Additionally, the (simple) Bouguer gravity anomalies from GGMs and terrestrial data were compared. Thus, the GGM that best fits the local data was determined in the gravity anomaly calculation.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2025.2452795

8. RTK position solution performance of compact, low-cost GNSS receiver-antenna combinations
Somnath Mahato, Mrinal Goswami & Anindya Bose

GNSS RTK provides precise positions in real time. This work presents a detailed performance analysis of five compact GNSS modules and four antennas used as GPS RTK Rovers over a medium baseline length. Better than 50 cm accuracy in 2- and 3-dimension is obtained within the hardware cost 200–400 USD, while sub-10 cm accuracy is achievable using dual frequency compact GNSS modules for around 1200 USD. This work also presents the comparable performance of the compact GNSS modules to their geodetic counterpart and strong antenna dependence on the solution quality. The results would be helpful for RTK popularisation.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2429532

Survey Review 57, No 401. March/April 2025

1. Deriving requirements for integrated and standardised cadastre profile from the legacy Board of Revenue and the contemporary land administration systems
Muhammad Sheraz Ahsan, Ejaz Hussain, Christiaan Lemmen, Jaap Zevenbergen, Salman Atif, Malumbo Chipofya, Zahir Ali, Javier Morales & Mila Koeva

Modernising the paper-based manual Land Administration System (LAS) benefits society at large. This study examines the integration and standardisation requirements of LASs in Islamabad, Pakistan, using the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM). The exploratory case study approach assesses land tenure, value, use and development aspects. The existing LASs satisfy LADM requirements for a unified LAS. Systematic transformations are required to upgrade revenue sketch maps and drawings into accurate geospatial data in 2D and above and below-ground infrastructure into 3D. Developing a LADM edition I & II country profile is recommended for land tenure security, socioeconomic development and sustainable urban growth.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2351624

2. Peri-urban land administration and management: understanding the challenges in Ekiti state, Nigeria, using case study and soft systems methodologies
Kehinde Hassan Babalola, Simon Hull & Jennifer Whittal

Achieving best practices in land administration and management systems supporting land rights for all requires sustainable land administration and management, contributing to successful and significant land administration and management systems. There is an increasing need for legal framework reforms to support land administration and management systems. These reforms may enable rural transformation and social inclusion. Central to reform strategies may be decentralisation to improve inclusivity and collaboration between the customary and statutory institutions. Using Soft Systems Methodology to analyse the current land administration and management systems in Ekiti State, Nigeria, will be helpful for policymakers, professionals and academics reforming land administration and management systems. The study findings reveal the need for improvement in land administration and management systems.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2370598

3. Spatial data collection in cadastral updating in Turkey
Okan Yıldız, Abdurrahman Akdemir & Ömer Yıldırım

In the cadastral studies carried out in Turkey in the last century, cadastral maps were produced using different surveying methods. It is also constantly replacing or diversifying its surveying methods with new ones. Finally, it has started to produce spatial data for cadastral parcels with the photogrammetric method using UAV technology. The expected accuracy in spatial data generation is ±7 cm. This article includes all surveying methods used in cadastral studies to date. In addition, the contribution of photogrammetric studies to the cadastral updating activities was investigated, carried out using UAV in a study area of 18 thousand ha.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2375075

4. Factors influencing the choice of depreciation method for valuation purposes
Mustapha Okyere & Pascal Zini

The current study examined the factors influencing valuers’ choice of depreciation method for property valuation purposes. Using a mean consensus analytical framework, we demonstrate that the factor of appropriateness is the main driver influencing valuers’ choice of depreciation method with a very high consensus value. This takes precedence over the simplicity of the depreciation method and valuer’s familiarity with the method both of which had a consensus score a little above average. The study recommends further research into the factors influencing the choice of depreciation rate when applying the various methods of depreciation.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2381900

5. Promoting inclusivity in the land market through legislative reforms in Ghana
Joseph Kwaku Kidido

Social inclusion in resource governance and enjoyment is critical towards attaining social cohesion, stability and shared prosperity. The paper examines how land law reforms in Ghana with the passage of the Land Act, 2020 promote social inclusion in the land market. The study used a descriptive research design and interviewed a total of 69 respondents – land experts and practitioners. The results revealed that six of the constructed social inclusion indicators significantly promote inclusiveness in the land market. The paper underscores the need for public education on the provisions of the law and the enactment of a legislative instrument to guide implementation.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2402107

6. Outlier detection in multiplicative error models
Guohong Li, Huijuan Xin, Fuqiang Lv & Xiaohui Song

Multiplicative error models have become increasingly vital in geodesy because observations based on electromagnetic wave measurement techniques are often disturbed by multiplicative errors. Currently, research on multiplicative error models primarily focuses on accuracy evaluation, equation or inequality constraints, coefficient matrix pathology, and variance component estimation; however, the issue of outliers has yet to be systematically addressed. In light of this, this study addresses the outliers problem in multiplicative error models. Initially, we analyzed the impact of outliers on least squares and bias-corrected weighted least squares; the findings indicated that the impact on bias-corrected weighted least squares propagates via the least squares solution. Subsequently, we proposed an algorithm for detecting outliers in multiplicative error models. Finally, we statistically analyzed the algorithm's accuracy through simulation cases; the results confirm its feasibility and superiority.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2408181

7. Review on land suitability assessment and site selection for housing development
Zenebe Endalew Asrat, Abebe Mengaw Wubie & Mamaru Wondifraw Walelegn

Land suitability analysis using the weighted overlay method is rational for urban decision-making. The main objective of this review is to identify the methods of proposing/producing suitable areas and to explore the criteria used for housing development. To select the best suitable land for housing development, different researchers apply a multi-criteria decision-making method through the AHP technique. As a result, suitability maps were usually produced. Hence, the distance far from the infrastructures and near from hazard areas were unsuitable for housing development. Land suitability assessment is vital for the good social well-being of the community.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2429547

8. Local government revenue mobilisation: assessing property rate management potential of peri-urban districts using geospatial technologies
Benjamin Doe, Justice Kwame Gyesi, Akosua B. K. Amaka-Otchere, Kafui Afi Ocloo, Eric Oduro-Ofori & Simon Kwabena Dankyi

Property rate is widely considered as the most significant and stable revenue source for local governments. However, it is fraught with challenges. These include the lack of geo-data on rateable properties and the manual approach towards revenue collection and monitoring. A mixed method approach was adopted to gather and analyse data from 15 local government officials and 5000 properties using interview guides and semi-structured questionnaires to assess the property rate capacity of a local government. Geospatial technology was applied to property rate management of the local government as a possible alternative. The study revealed that the geospatial technology-based property rate management system has the potential to generate more than 1000% of the property rate generated. It is proffered that local governments implement a GIS-based property rate management system to generate the needed revenue for local development.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2434781

Survey Review 57, No 400. January/February 2025

1. Developing a mobile application with geo-analytic tools to perform real estate valuation within smart cities
Arif Cagdas Aydinoglu, Rabia Bovkir, İsmail Colkesen, Eren Can Seyrek & Mehmet Selim Bilgin

Urban land management policies and applications require comprehensive information about real estate development dynamics and value criteria. In this study, geo-analytic tools and a mobile app were produced for residential property valuation in smart cities. Geo-analytical tools were automated to process and use datasets extracted from the databases and ‘Smart Real Estate’ mobile app using data sets produced by the developed geo-analytics tools shares map services automatically. In this way, users can get real-time location data via web services by triggering geographic analysis tools at certain intervals. It can manage and analyse big geographic data to share smart city services about real estate to citizens.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2324225

2. Inside into GNSS CORS infrastructure setup in Malaysia
Ooi Wei Han, Tajul Ariffin Musa & Wan Anom Wan Aris

Global Navigation Satellite Systems is a space-based technology that are used in positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) applications. Accordingly, the Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) networks, which are a common type of GNSS ground-based augmentation infrastructure are used to distribute PNT information with centimetre accuracy. In Malaysia, multiple CORS networks are operated independently by various government agencies, universities, and industries. Numerous users have licenced CORS data and services for their positioning and navigation applications. There may be issues with the existing CORS operational model among public and industrial positioning and navigation applications that need to be considered. This paper reviewed the country's CORS management and technical issues and discussed the Higgins model and quadruple helix concept to local CORS operations. A conceptual framework for sustainable development of CORS infrastructure and data is proposed to support the social economy context of the nation.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2331337

3. An overall adjustment method for relative corrections of master reference stations in the BDS/GNSS network RTK system
Ying Wang, Yangyang Li, Weiming Tang, Xue Hou, Yuanbin Ye & Wei Zhao

We here address problems of nonunique paths and poor fault tolerance in the traditional shortest path transfer method and propose an overall adjustment method of relative corrections of master reference stations in BDS/GNSS Network RTK systems. Our method comprehensively considers the vector relationship of baseline error corrections, the baseline closure error of Delaunay triangulation and the interpolation relationship between stations to realize the one-time generation, obtaining all relative error corrections of the master reference station in a network RTK system. The test results showed that our method can achieve a success rate of more than 95% and an incorrect rate of less than 0.01%. The error corrections, generated by the two methods, are verified and analysed by the positioning accuracy of the rover. The results show that the positioning accuracy of the method in this paper is improved by about 17% over the shortest path transfer method.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2335581

4. Detection and repair of BDS six-frequency cycle slips based on recursive filtering and integer constraint method
Dewu Huang & Jianying Wang

The multi-frequency signals of the Beidou system are very helpful for positioning, but in data processing, the detection and repair of multi-frequency cycle slips also face certain challenges. A recursive filtering and integer constraint cycle slip detection and repair method for the Beidou six-frequency is proposed in this paper. This method utilises five sets of combination coefficients of six-frequency and three sets of dual-frequency combinations, and detects and repairs cycle slips through integer constraints of cycle slip estimation. The proposed method has been validated by data with a sampling rate of 1 Hz, and can detect the position and size of cycle slips at various frequencies, whether it is random cycle slips or small cycle slips of equal size less than 2 cycles, with a detection success rate of 100%.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2335736

5. An encoder–decoder network for land cover classification using a fusion of aerial images and photogrammetric point clouds
Soheil Majidi, Ghazale Babapour & Reza Shah-Hosseini

Land cover information is becoming more important in urban planning, change detection, and management. The fusion of point clouds and images increases the accuracy of land use classification by utilising the advantages of both modalities. Similar structures such as buildings and roads, low and high vegetation, and impervious and bare regions are not too much discriminative. Models fail to discriminate these classes leading to misclassifications, false detections, and unreliable land cover maps. Therefore, this research proposes the fusion of dense point clouds and multi-spectral images based on a dual-stream deep convolutional model by adding vegetation and elevation information to spectral information. To fuse both modalities' features, a dual-stream deep neural network based on Deeplabv3+ architecture is implemented. In addition, the Xception (Extreme Inception) model is considered as a backbone and feature extractor. The model performance is evaluated with F1-Score and Overall Accuracy. 93.4% Overall Accuracy and F1-Score are achieved after adding height and vegetation information to the model. Results indicate improvements in all indexes, meaning that data fusion with the proposed model outperforms the existing state-of-the-art models.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2338641

6. Impact of the UNB topographical density model on precise geoid determination in the high mountainous region
Nazan Yilmaz

A precise gravimetric geoid model is computed utilising Stokes’s formula, supposing an absence of topography above the geoid. Subsequently, the geoid model undergoes a simple correction for topographic masses, the constant density is taken as 2670 kg/m3. Notably, the true density of topographical mass deviates by approximately ±20% from this constant value. Recently, the University of New Brunswick in Canada released a global topographical density model at a 30 arc-second resolution. This paper investigates the impact of incorporating this model on the precision of the gravimetric geoid within a mountainous region in the Colorado test region. Numerical findings reveal that variations in geoid undulation attributable to this model can extend to a few decimetres, a discrepancy that cannot be neglected in geoid modelling with one-centimetre precision. It is therefore recommended that the considerable impact of topographic density fluctuations on geoid determination be taken into account, particularly in mountainous regions.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2379653

7. Street-level land administration in post-conflict peri-urban areas: the case of Waitiki Farm
Dennis Mbugua Muthama

There is a dearth of theoretical and empirical work examining street-level land administration officials (SLAOs) in post-conflict peri-urban communities in sub-Saharan Africa. This article investigates how SLAOs deliver land administration services under a hybrid governance regime in a localised post-conflict environment, and how they balance strict adherence to the rule of law and a flexible application of rules and regulations. The study is based on a case study in Mombasa. The theory argues that, in Waitiki, SLAOs evaluate their situation and formulate a range of strategies to deliver services and deal with poor governance challenges like corruption.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2372895

8. Impediments to urban land development and transformation in Tanzania: evaluating conventional approaches and proposing innovative solutions
Amani Michael Uisso & Harun Tanrıvermiş

Urban land development involves converting rural land into urban land suitable for various purposes such as residential, commercial, industrial, mixed-use development, and infrastructure services. The urban land development in Tanzanian cities faces numerous challenges rooted in colonial-era practices and the coexistence of customary and formal land ownership systems. This study thoroughly examines the limitations of conventional land development approaches and their impacts on spatial planning. This study compares traditional land acquisition and development with innovative, self-financing, cost-effective strategies. The study deployed a mixed methodology comprising questionnaire surveys and interviews to address specific objectives for improving urban land development practices. The findings highlight the potential of innovative strategies in catalysing urban development and spatial planning, offering a promising path forward. It emphasises the need to integrate diverse approaches to address infrastructure challenges, enhance spatial planning, and protect the interests of affected communities, thereby fostering a more sustainable and equitable urban landscape.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2370599

9. Book Review: The origin of Ireland’s ordnance survey by Finnian O’Cionnaith, Four Courts Press, Dublin, 196pp, €35.00/£30.00 Hardback
Peter Collier

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2403949